1045 Bright Carbon Steel Bar | Interlloy | Engineering Steels + Alloys

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1045 Bright Carbon Steel Bar

1045 is a medium tensile low hardenability carbon steel generally supplied in the cold drawn or turned and polished condition, with a typical tensile strength range 600 - 950 Mpa and Brinell hardness range 179 - 280. in either condition. Characterised by good strength and impact properties, with good machinability and reasonable weldability in the as supplied condition. 1045 has a low through hardening capability with sections up to around 60mm only generally recommended as suitable for through hardening and tempering. It can however be successfully flame or induction hardened in the as supplied condition resulting in surface hardnesses of up to Rc 54 - Rc 60 depending upon quenching medium employed, type of set up, section size etc. Core strengths will remain as supplied. It does not however respond satisfactorily to nitriding due to a lack of suitable alloying elements. 1045 is used extensively by all industry sectors for applications requiring more strength and wear resistance than the low carbon mild steels can provide and the higher strength of the low alloy high tensile steels is not necessary, plus those applications requiring flame or induction hardening. Typical applications are: Axles Various, Bolts, Connecting Rods, Hydraulic Clamps and Rams, Pins Various, Rolls Various, Studs, Shafts, Spindles etc

1045 is a medium tensile low hardenability carbon steel generally supplied in the cold drawn or turned and polished condition, with a typical tensile strength range 600 - 950 Mpa and Brinell hardness range 179 - 280. in either condition.

Characterised by good strength and impact properties, with good machinability and reasonable weldability in the as supplied condition.

1045 has a low through hardening capability with sections up to around 60mm only generally recommended as suitable for through hardening and tempering. It can however be successfully flame or induction hardened in the as supplied condition resulting in surface hardnesses of up to Rc 54 - Rc 60 depending upon quenching medium employed, type of set up, section size etc. Core strengths will remain as supplied.

It does not however respond satisfactorily to nitriding due to a lack of suitable alloying elements.

1045 is used extensively by all industry sectors for applications requiring more strength and wear resistance than the low carbon mild steels can provide and the higher strength of the low alloy high tensile steels is not necessary, plus those applications requiring flame or induction hardening.

Typical applications are: Axles Various, Bolts, Connecting Rods, Hydraulic Clamps and Rams, Pins Various, Rolls Various, Studs, Shafts, Spindles etc

Colour Code	Stocked Sizes
Serpentine (Bar End)	Rounds	Metric 10 mm - 150 mm Dia Imperial 3/8" - 6" Dia
Serpentine (Bar End)	Hexagons	3/4" - 100 mm

Related Specifications
Australia	AS 1443 - 1994 1045
Germany	W.Nr 1.0503 C45 W.Nr 1.1191 CK45
Great Britain	BS970 - Part 3 - 1991 080A47 BS970 - Part 1 - 1972 080M46 BS970 - 1955 EN43B
Japan	JIS G 4051 S45C
USA	AISI C1045 ASTM A29/A29M - 91 1045 SAE 1045 UNS G 10450

Chemical Composition
	Min. %	Max. %
Carbon	0.43	0.50
Silicon	0.10	0.35
Manganese	0.60	0.90
Phosphorous	0	0.04
Sulphur	0	0.04

Typical Mechanical Properties - Cold Drawn, Turned and Polished, or Centreless Ground Condition
Cold Drawn Size mm		up to 16mm	17 - 38mm	39 - 63mm	Turned & Polished (all sizes)
Tensile Strength Mpa	Min	690	650	640	600
Tensile Strength Mpa	Max	950	830	800	730
Yield Strength Mpa	Min	540	510	500	300
Yield Strength Mpa	Max	760	650	630	450
Elongation in 50mm %	Min	8	8	9	14
Hardness HB	Min	205	195	190	179
Hardness HB	Max	280	245	235	215
Typical Mechanical Properties - Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished - Hardened by Water Quench at 820 ^oC - 850 ^oC or oil Quench at 830 ^oC - 860 ^oC and Tempered Between 540 ^oC - 680 ^oC
Cold Drawn Size mm		up to 16mm	17 - 40mm	41 - 63mm
Tensile Strength Mpa	Min	700	660	620
Tensile Strength Mpa	Max	840	800	760
Yield Strength Mpa	Min	480	410	375
Elongation in 50mm %	Min	11	13	14
Hardness HB	Min	210	195	185
Hardness HB	Max	245	235	225

Forging
Pre heat to 750 ^oC - 800 ^oC, then continue heating to 1100 ^oC - 1200 ^oC maximum, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section and commence forging immediately. Do not forge below 850 ^oC Finished forgings may be air cooled.
Heat Treatment
Annealing
Heat to 800 ^oC - 850 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, and cool in furnace.
Flame or Induction Hardening
Heat as quickly as possible to the austenitic temperature range (820 ^oC - 860 ^oC) and required case depth followed by an immediate water or oil quench, depending upon hardness required, workpiece size/shape and quenching arrangements. Following quenching to hand warm, most components should be tempered at 150 ^oC - 200 ^oC to remove quenching stresses in the case. This will have little effect on case hardness.
Hardening
Heat to 820 ^oC - 850 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section, and quench in water or brine. or: Heat to 830 ^oC - 860 ^oC soak as above and quench in oil.Temper immediately while still hand warm.
Normalizing
Heat to 870 ^oC - 920 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 10 - 15 minutes.Cool in still air.
Stress Relieving
Heat to 550 ^oC - 660 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section, and cool in still air.
Tempering
Re heat to 400 ^oC - 650 ^oC as required, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section, and cool in still air.
Notes on Heat Treatment
Heating temperatures, rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as work piece size/shape, also furnace type employed, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities etc. Please consult your heat treater for best results.
Machining
1045 in the cold drawn or turned and polished condition has very good machinability and all operations such as turning, drilling, broaching, milling and tapping etc. can be carried out satisfactorily using machine manufacturers recommendations for suitable tool type, feeds and speeds.
Welding
1045 is readily weldable in the as cold drawn or turned and polished condition providing the correct procedure is employed. Following welding the work piece immediately upon cooling to hand warm should be stress relieved at 550 ^oC - 660 ^oC if possible. NB. Welding in the hardened and tempered, flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended.
Welding Procedure
Welding of 1045 should always be carried out using low hydrogen electrodes. Please consult your welding consumables supplier.

Pre heat to 750 ^oC - 800 ^oC, then continue heating to 1100 ^oC - 1200 ^oC maximum, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section and commence forging immediately.

Do not forge below 850 ^oC

Finished forgings may be air cooled.

Heat to 800 ^oC - 850 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, and cool in furnace.

Heat as quickly as possible to the austenitic temperature range (820 ^oC - 860 ^oC) and required case depth followed by an immediate water or oil quench, depending upon hardness required, workpiece size/shape and quenching arrangements. Following quenching to hand warm, most components should be tempered at 150 ^oC - 200 ^oC to remove quenching stresses in the case. This will have little effect on case hardness.

Heat to 820 ^oC - 850 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section, and quench in water or brine.
or:
Heat to 830 ^oC - 860 ^oC soak as above and quench in oil.Temper immediately while still hand warm.

Heat to 870 ^oC - 920 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 10 - 15 minutes.Cool in still air.

Heat to 550 ^oC - 660 ^oC hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section, and cool in still air.

Re heat to 400 ^oC - 650 ^oC as required, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section, and cool in still air.

Heating temperatures, rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as work piece size/shape, also furnace type employed, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities etc. Please consult your heat treater for best results.

1045 in the cold drawn or turned and polished condition has very good machinability and all operations such as turning, drilling, broaching, milling and tapping etc. can be carried out satisfactorily using machine manufacturers recommendations for suitable tool type, feeds and speeds.

1045 is readily weldable in the as cold drawn or turned and polished condition providing the correct procedure is employed. Following welding the work piece immediately upon cooling to hand warm should be stress relieved at 550 ^oC - 660 ^oC if possible.

NB. Welding in the hardened and tempered, flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended.

Welding Procedure

Welding of 1045 should always be carried out using low hydrogen electrodes.
Please consult your welding consumables supplier.

Suggested Pre-heating Temperature
Section	25mm	50mm	75mm	150mm +
^oC	100	140	200	300
Post Welding
Cool as slowly as possible in dry lime, sand etc.

Interlloy believes the information provided is accurate and reliable. However no warranty of accuracy, completeness or reliability is given, nor will any responsibility be taken for errors or omissions.